Input | Output (IO) is thrilled to announce that the comprehensive analysis of Ouroboros Leios, the cutting-edge high-throughput protocol developed by Input | Output Research (IOR), has been accepted for presentation at the esteemed Crypto 2025 conference.

Organized by the International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR), the event stands as one of the most prestigious…

Blockchain systems are typified by teamwork and collaboration, requiring collective cooperation and contribution to succeed. The concept of 'public good games' has been extensively described in game theory studies. Can it be applied to understanding blockchain tokenomics?

What is unique about blockchains is that the number of engaged participants can be quite large, around the world, without communication or clear, central leadership. What convinces these players, in the game theoretic sense, to contribute¹ to the common good of such blockchain communities? How can incentives be optimally and fairly designed? These questions are…

In the new era of community-led governance, all of us will shape Cardano’s next chapter. Input | Output Engineering (IOE) has proposed roadmap priorities focused on scalability, usability, and interoperability. These initiatives, working in harmony with strong proposals from the wider developer community, are designed to take Cardano where it needs to go next, contributing to a…

As part of its evolving approach to community collaboration, IOR hosted the June 2025 Cardano R&D session as a thematic, livestreamed panel discussion on Layer 2 Expansion: Beyond Hydra. The event spotlighted a series of leading layer 2 innovations being developed across the Cardano ecosystem, exploring scaling solutions that extend far beyond the Hydra Head protocol.

IOR has…

Blockchain systems operate at the intersection of cryptography and economic incentives, combining security mechanisms with game-theoretic principles to safeguard digital assets worth billions of dollars. At the heart of this security lie cryptographic techniques and, crucially, consensus algorithms that maintain a globally consistent ledger by receiving, sequencing, and…