Professor Kiayias explores consensus evolution at Science of Blockchain Conference 2025
As others shun academic rigor, Input | Output (IO) continues to invest in formal methods, peer-reviewed science, and academic collaboration – because for IO, research isn't an afterthought, it's infrastructure.
22 August 2025 4 mins read
The 2025 Science of Blockchain Conference (SBC) brought together leading researchers, engineers, and academics at UC Berkeley to explore the theoretical foundations that underpin today’s blockchain systems. Input | Output (IO) had strong representation at this event, showcasing the organization’s continued commitment to bridging rigorous research with practical implementation.
Professor Aggelos Kiayias – IO’s Chief Scientist and Chair in Cyber Security and Privacy at the University of Edinburgh – delivered the keynote ‘The Evolving Art of Agreement…
From roadmap to reality: transparency, accountability, and momentum
8 August 2025 5 mins read
We’re grateful and honored that the Cardano community has voted in support of the Input | Output Engineering (IOE) funding proposal as part of the Cardano Vision & Roadmap. On behalf of the entire team, thank you for your confidence in our work and in the shared future we’re building together.
Your vote represents more than just funding approval. It’s a signal that the community…
Cardano's governance journey: a timeline for decentralized democracy
From community workshops to the world's first blockchain Constitution, Cardano has built blockchain's most ambitious governance system. This timeline traces three years of collaboration that culminated with fully autonomous democratic decision-making in 2025.
4 August 2025 6 mins read
The Cardano community has achieved something truly remarkable in the blockchain industry. Over the past three years, ada holders have helped build the most ambitious decentralized governance program in crypto - complete with its own Constitution, elected representatives, and fully autonomous decision-making systems. This timeline traces the key milestones in this extraordinary…
Democratizing security in the Cardano ecosystem: a complete development lifecycle
How Input | Output Engineering is building a suite of integrated tools to make high-assurance development accessible to every Cardano developer
30 July 2025 6 mins read
Some smart contracts on Cardano may involve high-value transactions. Many developers still rely on security measures commonly used in traditional software development. While manual code reviews, unit testing, and external audits are effective in identifying bugs and other problems, smart contracts pose new and unique challenges. Erroneous or malicious smart contract code could…
Smart contracts on Bitcoin
Bringing expressive smart contracts and decentralized applications to Bitcoin with a new toolset
19 July 2025 4 mins read
What if you could take a smart contract, written using a modern language like Python, TypeScript, or Scala, and run it on Bitcoin without modifying Bitcoin itself?
Thanks to a novel compilation pipeline being developed at Input | Output (IO), that idea is becoming a reality. By combining a serialized smart contract format (Untyped Plutus Core – UPLC), a clever interpreter architecture (Control, Environment, Continuation (CEK) machine), and a widely supported open-source reduced instruction set architecture (RISC-V), IO…